Article 56 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal 1. A treaty which contains no provision regarding its termination and which does not provide fordenunciation or withdrawal is not subject to denunciation or withdrawal unless: (a) it is established that…

Article 55 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force Unless the treaty otherwise provides, a multilateral treaty does not terminate by reason only of the fact that the number of the parties falls below the number necessary for…

Article 54 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties The termination of a treaty or the withdrawal of a party may take place: (a) in conformity with the provisions of the treaty; or (b) at any time by consent…

Article 53 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (“jus cogens”) A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general international…

Article 52 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. See also:…

Article 51 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Coercion of a representative of a State The expression of a State’s consent to be bound by a treaty which has been procured by the coercion of its representative through acts or threats directed against him shall be without any legal effect. See also: Article 50…

Article 50 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Corruption of a representative of a State If the expression of a State’s consent to be bound by a treaty has been procured through the corruption of its representative directly or indirectly by another negotiating State, the State may invoke such corruption as invalidating its consent…

Article 49 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Fraud If a State has been induced to conclude a treaty by the fraudulent conduct of another negotiating State, the State may invoke the fraud as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty. See also: Article 48 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

Article 48 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Error 1. A State may invoke an error in a treaty as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty if the error relates to a fact or situation which was assumed by that State to exist at the time when the treaty was concluded…

Article 47 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State If the authority of a representative to express the consent of a State to be bound by a particular treaty has been made subject to a specific restriction, his omission to observe that restriction may…